mirror of
https://github.com/RhenCloud/Cloud-Index.git
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679 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
679 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 服务器部署
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createTime: 2025/11/09 00:26:55
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permalink: /guide/server
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---
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在自有或云服务器上部署 Cloud Index 的完整指南。
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## 优势
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- ✅ 完全自主可控
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- ✅ 无运营商限制
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- ✅ 成本可预测
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- ✅ 性能稳定
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- ✅ 支持自定义配置
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- ✅ 适合生产环境
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## 前置要求
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- Linux 服务器（推荐 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 或更新版本）
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- Python 3.9+ 已安装
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- pip 或 poetry 包管理器
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- 服务器可访问互联网
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- 存储后端配置（R2、S3 或 GitHub）
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- （可选）Nginx 反向代理
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- （可选）SSL 证书
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## 快速开始（5 分钟）
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### 第 1 步：连接到服务器
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```bash
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ssh user@your-server-ip
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```
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### 第 2 步：下载项目
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```bash
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cd /opt
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git clone https://github.com/RhenCloud/Cloud-Index.git
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cd Cloud-Index
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```
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### 第 3 步：安装依赖
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```bash
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# 更新系统包
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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
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# 安装 Python 和必要工具
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sudo apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip python3-venv git
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# 创建虚拟环境
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python3 -m venv venv
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source venv/bin/activate
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# 安装项目依赖
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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### 第 4 步：配置环境变量
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创建 `.env` 文件：
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```bash
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cp .env.example .env
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nano .env
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```
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编辑 `.env` 文件，配置你的存储后端：
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```env
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# 基础配置
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STORAGE_TYPE=r2
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FLASK_ENV=production
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FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
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FLASK_RUN_PORT=5000
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# R2 配置（选择一种）
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R2_ENDPOINT_URL=https://your-account-id.r2.cloudflarestorage.com
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R2_BUCKET_NAME=your-bucket-name
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ACCESS_KEY_ID=your_access_key
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SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=your_secret_key
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R2_PUBLIC_URL=https://pub-your-bucket.r2.dev
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```
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### 第 5 步：启动应用
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```bash
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python app.py
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```
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访问 `http://your-server-ip:5000` 查看应用。
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## 生产环境配置
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### 使用 Gunicorn 和 Nginx
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#### 1. 安装 Gunicorn
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```bash
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source venv/bin/activate
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pip install gunicorn
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```
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#### 2. 创建 Systemd 服务文件
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创建 `/etc/systemd/system/cloud-index.service`：
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```bash
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sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/cloud-index.service
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```
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写入以下内容：
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```ini
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[Unit]
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Description=Cloud Index Application
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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User=www-data
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WorkingDirectory=/opt/Cloud-Index
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Environment="PATH=/opt/Cloud-Index/venv/bin"
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ExecStart=/opt/Cloud-Index/venv/bin/gunicorn \
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--workers 4 \
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--worker-class sync \
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--bind 127.0.0.1:5000 \
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--timeout 120 \
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--access-logfile /var/log/cloud-index/access.log \
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--error-logfile /var/log/cloud-index/error.log \
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app:app
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=10
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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#### 3. 创建日志目录
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```bash
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sudo mkdir -p /var/log/cloud-index
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sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/log/cloud-index
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```
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#### 4. 加载并启动服务
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```bash
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl start cloud-index
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sudo systemctl enable cloud-index # 开机自启
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# 查看状态
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sudo systemctl status cloud-index
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```
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#### 5. 配置 Nginx 反向代理
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安装 Nginx：
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install -y nginx
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```
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创建 Nginx 配置文件 `/etc/nginx/sites-available/cloud-index`：
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```bash
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/cloud-index
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```
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写入以下内容：
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name your-domain.com; # 替换为你的域名
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client_max_body_size 100M; # 允许大文件上传
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# 重定向 HTTP 到 HTTPS（可选）
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# return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
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location / {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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# 连接超时配置
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proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
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proxy_send_timeout 60s;
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proxy_read_timeout 60s;
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}
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# 静态文件缓存配置
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location /static/ {
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alias /opt/Cloud-Index/static/;
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expires 30d;
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add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
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}
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}
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```
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启用此配置：
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```bash
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sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/cloud-index /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
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sudo nginx -t # 测试配置
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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```
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### 配置 HTTPS（SSL/TLS）
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#### 使用 Let's Encrypt 免费证书
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安装 Certbot：
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx
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```
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申请证书：
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```bash
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sudo certbot certonly --nginx -d your-domain.com
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```
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更新 Nginx 配置为 HTTPS：
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```bash
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/cloud-index
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```
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修改为：
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name your-domain.com;
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return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
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}
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server {
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listen 443 ssl http2;
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server_name your-domain.com;
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ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/fullchain.pem;
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ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/privkey.pem;
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# SSL 安全配置
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ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
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ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
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ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
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client_max_body_size 100M;
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location / {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
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proxy_send_timeout 60s;
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proxy_read_timeout 60s;
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}
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location /static/ {
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alias /opt/Cloud-Index/static/;
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expires 30d;
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add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
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}
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}
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```
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重启 Nginx：
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```bash
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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```
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设置证书自动续期：
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```bash
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sudo certbot renew --dry-run # 测试
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sudo systemctl enable certbot.timer # 启用自动续期
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```
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## 环境变量配置
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创建 `.env` 文件配置存储后端。参考 [环境配置](/guide/environment) 获取完整参数说明。
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### R2 配置示例
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```env
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STORAGE_TYPE=r2
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R2_ENDPOINT_URL=https://your-account-id.r2.cloudflarestorage.com
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R2_BUCKET_NAME=your-bucket-name
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ACCESS_KEY_ID=your_access_key
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SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=your_secret_key
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R2_PUBLIC_URL=https://pub-your-bucket.r2.dev
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FLASK_ENV=production
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THUMB_TTL_SECONDS=604800
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```
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### S3 配置示例
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```env
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STORAGE_TYPE=s3
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S3_BUCKET_NAME=your-bucket-name
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S3_REGION=us-east-1
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ACCESS_KEY_ID=your_access_key
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SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=your_secret_key
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FLASK_ENV=production
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```
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### GitHub 配置示例
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```env
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STORAGE_TYPE=github
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GITHUB_REPO_OWNER=your-username
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GITHUB_REPO_NAME=your-repo-name
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GITHUB_ACCESS_TOKEN=your_github_token
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GITHUB_RAW_PROXY_URL=https://raw.ghproxy.com
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FLASK_ENV=production
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```
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## 自动部署（GitHub Actions）
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### 配置 SSH 部署
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1. 在服务器上创建部署用户（可选）：
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```bash
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sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash deploy
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sudo usermod -aG sudo deploy
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```
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1. 生成 SSH 密钥对：
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f ~/.ssh/github-deploy -N ""
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```
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1. 将公钥添加到服务器 `authorized_keys`：
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```bash
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cat ~/.ssh/github-deploy.pub | ssh deploy@your-server "cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
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```
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1. 在 GitHub 仓库中添加 Secret：
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- `SERVER_HOST`: 服务器 IP 或域名
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- `SERVER_USER`: 部署用户名
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- `SERVER_SSH_KEY`: 私钥内容（`cat ~/.ssh/github-deploy`）
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- `DEPLOY_PATH`: 部署路径，如 `/opt/Cloud-Index`
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### 创建部署脚本
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创建 `.github/workflows/deploy-to-server.yml`：
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```yaml
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name: Deploy to Server
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on:
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push:
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branches:
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- main
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workflow_dispatch: {}
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jobs:
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deploy:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- name: Checkout repository
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uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- name: Deploy to server
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.SERVER_HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.SERVER_USER }}
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key: ${{ secrets.SERVER_SSH_KEY }}
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script: |
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cd ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_PATH }}
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git pull origin main
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source venv/bin/activate
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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sudo systemctl restart cloud-index
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echo "✅ Deployment completed"
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```
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每次推送到 `main` 分支，应用会自动部署到服务器。
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## 监控和维护
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### 查看日志
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```bash
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# 查看实时日志
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sudo journalctl -u cloud-index -f
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# 查看应用日志
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tail -f /var/log/cloud-index/error.log
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tail -f /var/log/cloud-index/access.log
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```
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### 监控系统资源
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```bash
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# 查看内存和 CPU 使用
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top
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# 查看磁盘使用
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df -h
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# 查看网络连接
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netstat -tulpn | grep 5000
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```
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### 定期更新
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```bash
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# 更新系统包
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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
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# 更新应用依赖
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source venv/bin/activate
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pip install -r requirements.txt --upgrade
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```
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### 备份重要文件
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```bash
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# 定期备份环境配置
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sudo cp /opt/Cloud-Index/.env /backup/.env.backup.$(date +%Y%m%d)
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# 定期备份缓存
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sudo tar -czf /backup/cache-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /opt/Cloud-Index/static/thumbs/
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```
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## 性能优化
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### 1. Gunicorn Worker 配置
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根据服务器 CPU 核心数调整 Worker 数：
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```bash
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# 查看 CPU 核心数
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nproc
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# 推荐配置：(2 × CPU 核心数) + 1
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```
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修改 `/etc/systemd/system/cloud-index.service` 中的 `--workers` 参数。
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### 2. 启用缓存
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增加缩略图缓存时间（`.env` 文件）：
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```env
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THUMB_TTL_SECONDS=2592000 # 30 天
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```
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### 3. 配置反向代理缓存
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在 Nginx 配置中添加：
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```nginx
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http {
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proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m;
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server {
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location /static/ {
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proxy_cache my_cache;
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proxy_cache_valid 200 30d;
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add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 4. 数据库连接池
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如果使用数据库，配置连接池以提高性能。
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## 故障排除
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### 应用无法启动
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检查：
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```bash
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# 查看错误日志
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sudo journalctl -u cloud-index -n 50
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# 验证环境变量
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env | grep -E "STORAGE_|R2_|S3_|GITHUB_"
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# 测试手动启动
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source venv/bin/activate
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python app.py
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```
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### Nginx 502 错误
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检查：
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```bash
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# 验证应用是否运行
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sudo systemctl status cloud-index
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# 查看 Nginx 错误日志
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sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
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# 检查 Nginx 配置
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sudo nginx -t
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```
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### 内存不足
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```bash
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# 查看内存使用
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free -h
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# 调整 Gunicorn workers
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# 在 /etc/systemd/system/cloud-index.service 中减少 workers 数量
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```
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### 存储无法连接
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检查：
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```bash
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# 验证环境变量设置
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grep -E "^(R2_|S3_|GITHUB_)" .env
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# 测试连接
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python -c "from app import app; app.test_client()"
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```
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## 安全建议
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### 1. 防火墙配置
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```bash
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# 只允许 HTTP/HTTPS
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sudo ufw allow 22/tcp # SSH
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sudo ufw allow 80/tcp # HTTP
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sudo ufw allow 443/tcp # HTTPS
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sudo ufw enable
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```
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### 2. 定期备份
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```bash
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# 创建备份脚本 backup.sh
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#!/bin/bash
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BACKUP_DIR="/backup/cloud-index"
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DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
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mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
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# 备份 .env 文件
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cp /opt/Cloud-Index/.env $BACKUP_DIR/.env.$DATE
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# 删除 7 天前的备份
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find $BACKUP_DIR -name ".env.*" -mtime +7 -delete
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# 使用 crontab 定期运行
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# 0 2 * * * /path/to/backup.sh
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```
|
||
|
||
### 3. SSH 安全
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 禁用密码登录
|
||
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
|
||
# 设置 PasswordAuthentication no
|
||
|
||
# 更改 SSH 端口（可选）
|
||
# 设置 Port 2222
|
||
|
||
sudo systemctl restart ssh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 4. 定期更新
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 启用自动安全更新
|
||
sudo apt-get install -y unattended-upgrades
|
||
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 与 Docker 的对比
|
||
|
||
| 功能 | 直接部署 | Docker | Systemd |
|
||
|-----|---------|--------|---------|
|
||
| 部署难度 | 简单 | 中等 | 中等 |
|
||
| 系统开销 | 最小 | 需要容器 | 最小 |
|
||
| 隔离性 | 低 | 高 | 低 |
|
||
| 自动重启 | 需要配置 | 自动 | 自动 |
|
||
| 推荐用途 | 小型部署 | 团队开发 | 生产环境 |
|
||
|
||
## 常见问题
|
||
|
||
**Q: 如何更新应用代码？**
|
||
|
||
A: 使用 Git 拉取最新代码，然后重启服务：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
cd /opt/Cloud-Index
|
||
git pull origin main
|
||
source venv/bin/activate
|
||
pip install -r requirements.txt
|
||
sudo systemctl restart cloud-index
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Q: 如何处理长时间运行的大文件上传？**
|
||
|
||
A: 增加 Nginx 和 Gunicorn 的超时配置：
|
||
|
||
```nginx
|
||
# Nginx 配置
|
||
proxy_connect_timeout 300s;
|
||
proxy_send_timeout 300s;
|
||
proxy_read_timeout 300s;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# Gunicorn 配置
|
||
--timeout 300
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Q: 如何监控应用性能？**
|
||
|
||
A: 推荐安装监控工具：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 使用 htop 监控实时资源
|
||
sudo apt-get install -y htop
|
||
|
||
# 使用 Prometheus 和 Grafana 构建完整监控（可选）
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Q: 生产环境推荐配置是什么？**
|
||
|
||
A:
|
||
|
||
- 4+ CPU 核心
|
||
- 8+ GB 内存
|
||
- 50+ GB SSD 存储
|
||
- 独立的存储后端（R2/S3）
|
||
- HTTPS 证书
|
||
- 定期备份策略
|
||
|
||
## 获取帮助
|
||
|
||
- 📖 [文档首页](/guide/introduction)
|
||
- 🐛 [提交 Issue](https://github.com/RhenCloud/Cloud-Index/issues)
|
||
- 💬 [讨论区](https://github.com/RhenCloud/Cloud-Index/discussions)
|
||
- 📧 Email: <i@rhen.cloud>
|
||
|
||
## 总结
|
||
|
||
服务器部署提供了最大的灵活性和控制权。通过 Nginx 反向代理、Systemd 自动管理和 GitHub Actions 自动部署，可以构建一个生产级的、高可用的应用系统！🚀
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
**下一步**：
|
||
|
||
- 查看 [Docker 部署](/guide/docker) 了解容器化部署方案
|
||
- 查看 [Vercel 部署](/guide/vercel) 了解 Serverless 部署方案
|
||
- 查看 [环境配置](/guide/environment) 了解所有配置选项
|